Bolts

Bolts are threaded rods or pins that fasten objects together. They usually have a head at one end and a thread at the other. Bolts are secured by threaded nuts, and are available in both metric and non-metric designations. Metric nuts vary by inner diameter (ID) and are usually labeled with the letter “M” followed by the ID in millimeters (mm). For example, M.16 bolts have an inner diameter of 1.6 mm, while M2 bolts have an ID of 2.0mm. Non-metric bolts also vary by inner diameter, but are measured in inches (in) and eighths of inches. Although some English bolts are labeled by ID, others carry a specially-numbered designation. Examples include #0000, #000, #00, #0, #1, and #2 bolts. 

There are many different types of bolts. Anchor bolts can be embedded in concrete or masonry and are used for construction or structural assemblies. Carriage bolts are round or flat-headed bolts used to fasten metal to wood. Elevator bolts have a flat, plain or countersunk head and a square neck that holds the fastener in place while the nut is tightened. Flange bolts or frame bolts have a ridge or skirt (flange) around the bolt head which distributes the clamping load during tightening. The flange works like a washer. Hanger bolts are used in a variety of applications. They have a wood screw thread on one end and a standard machine screw thread on the other. The center section between the two threads is unthreaded.     

Lag bolts, machine bolts, plow bolts, square head bolts, structural bolts, and stud bolts are commonly available. Lag bolts have a course-pitch, threaded body and a square or hexagonal head for driving with a wrench. Lag bolts are designed to fasten wood and similar materials. They produce their own screw thread when tightened. Lag bolts are also referred to as lag screws. Plow bolts have a countersunk flat head, a square neck, and a unified thread pitch. Structural bolts are used to connect framing of various types. A stud bolt is a fully-threaded fastener used to hold two objects together. Stud bolts are used in conjunction with hex nuts on each end, while a stud is threaded, pressed or otherwise secured to an object on one end and a nut is used on the other. 

Bolts include products such as hexagon bolts or tap bolts, machine bolts or machine screws, and shoulder bolts. Hexagon bolts (hexagonal bolts) have a six-sided head and a body with a machine-screw thread. Tap bolts are fully-threaded hexagon bolt. Machine bolts or machine screws are fully-threaded, small-caliber bolts for joining metal parts. They are screwed into pre-threaded holes and can be fitted with a nut. Shoulder bolts have an unthreaded shank that is long in comparison to its threaded portion, which is located under the head. They are used to locate one machine part to another, or as a plain bearing in places where rotary or sliding motion is required.  

Common categories of bolts include sex bolts, T-head bolts, and toggle bolts. A sex bolt is a two-piece bolt assembly that consists of an externally-threaded machine screw and a mating, hollow, threaded nut with a head. A T-head bolt has a flat, T-shaped head which either fits into a slot or can be gripped with a wrench for tightening.  A toggle bolt typically has an expanding wing-type nut. The wings on the nut lay flat when pushed through the opening and expand when through the opening.

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Part Numbers for Bolts