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Magnetic Bearings

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About Magnetic Bearings

Magnetic bearings use an electromagnet to provide non-contacting, friction-free motion in rotary applications.  They are constructed of a rotating and a stationary part (rotor and stator, respectively) separated by an air gap.  Magnetic bearings operate by applying an electric current to ferromagnetic materials used in both the rotor and stator, creating a magnetic flux path that includes the rotor, stator, and air gap.  Magnetic bearings do not require lubrication, and are virtually maintenance-free.  They are available in two different functional types: active (AMB) and passive (PMB).

Active magnetic bearings (AMB) require a specialized control and software.  They are comprised of three distinct parts: the bearing itself, the electronic control system, and the auxiliary bearings. The purpose of the electronic control system is to control the position of the rotor by varying the current in the electro magnets.  The electronic control system can be adjusted and adapted to the disturbance frequency of the machine itself.  This information can be used to adjust and optimize performance due to process changes.  Active magnetic bearings have higher stiffness and damping characteristics than similar size passive bearings.  The control current for active magnetic bearings can be calculated by taking the square of the rotor-stator gap.  The auxiliary bearings are used to support the rotor when the machine is stationary with the electronic control system switched off, or in the event of a failure in the magnetic suspension system to allow the rotor to run down without damage to the rotor itself or the stator of the magnetic bearings. 

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Engineering Web: Magnetic Bearings

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